a) State why onboard testing of fuel oil whilst taking bunkers can be advantageous. b) State how a representative fuel sample may be obtained during the bunkering operation. c) Explain how EACH of the following is formed during the combustion of fuel: (i) Oxides of Nitrogen, NOx (ii) Carbon Monoxide, CO (iii) Oxides of Sulphur, SOx d) State how the effects of sulphurous products of combustion on the engine system may be reduced.

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